tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27262616131253426342011-08-29T15:52:25.294-07:00Jai Sonihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02693950221835207683noreply@blogger.comBlogger371100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2726261613125342634.post-17648987168701334202009-02-04T21:43:00.000-08:002009-02-04T21:43:00.973-08:00

Acne Acne is the most common skin problem that people face. The teenagers are mostly affected by this problem, but some cases can also be observed in adults. Aside from physical manifestations of acne, persons who suffer from acne have tendencies to have low self esteem and confidence with their appearance. - Cause of AcneWhen hair follicles are clogged, acne occurs. This causes infection that

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Eczema Eczema is a skin disorder manifested by itch rashes and inflammation of the affectedarea of the skin. Nearly 15 million people suffer from eczema. Types of Eczema - Atopic Dermatitis Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema. It appears as a dry patch of skin that has itchy rashes. Affected areas include the face, ankle, neck, hands and legs. Folds at the back of knees and elbows

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Caused by a large pox virus, these smooth-walled, dome-shaped, pearly papules, 2 to 5 mm in size, have an umbilicated center. Occasionally a significant inflammatory reaction will occur. Principal sites are face, hands, lower abdomen, and genitals. A common viral infection seen in AIDS. It is more difficult to eradicate in these patients.Usually intensely itching intradermal vascular reaction (

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Red-ringed blisters occur in a dermatomal distribution of a nerve root. Papules change to vesicles which become pustules before crusting. New lesions appear for up to one week. Regional lymph glands may be tender and swollen. Since this is primarily a nerve infection with secondary skin manifestations, it is preceded, accompanied, and followed by pain.In elderly patients, it is often severe and

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Small red-ringed blisters can occur anywhere, especially around oral and genital areas. Associated and often preceded by burning and stinging. Regional lymph nodes may be swollen and tender. Blisters rupture early, leaving serous crusts which can then become secondarily infected. Viral cultures and ELISA are positive.

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Almost exclusively in children, this is a widespread reaction to insect bites such as fleas, bedbugs, chiggers, or gnats, and may persist for long periods. The tendency will fade with onset of adolescence.

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LicePediculosis is a parasitic infestation of the skin of the scalp, trunk, or pubic areas. Itching may be very intense and scratching may result in deep excoriations over the affected area. Head lice are easiest to see above the ears and at the nape of the neck. The nits (egg sacs) are attached to hairs, close to the skin. Body lice deposit visible nits on vellus hair. Head and body lice are

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Scabies is a common dermatitis caused by infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei. The entire family may be affected. Skin lesions are scattered groups of pruritic vesicles and pustules in "runs" or "burrows" on the sides of the fingers, palms, wrists, elbows, axillae, as well as around the waist and groin. Itching occurs almost exclusively at night. Microscopic examination of a scraping will reveal

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Generalized maculopapular eruptions are most common, although lesions may be pustular or follicular as well (or combinations of any of these types). Condylomata lata are raised, weeping papules on the moist areas of the skin and mucous membranes. The patient generally feels sick, can have regional lymphadenopathy, but complains only of minimal itching. Diagnosis of syphilis is based on a

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Genital WartsHighly contagious and sexually transmitted, soft, skin-colored, fleshy warts can be pin-head papules or cauliflower-like masses that are caused by the human papilloma virus. On the vulva, perianal area, vaginal walls, cervix, or on the shaft of the penis, warts can be raised clusters and obviously wart-like, or so small they only become recognizable after application of 5% acetic

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Lesion in the perianal area becomes a deeply ulcerated, very painful, disabling infection.

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Painful, recurrent, grouped vesicles. Viral shedding occurs even when no lesions are present. This sexually transmitted disease can complicate pregnancy.

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Red, sharply marginated, grouped vesicles usually become crusted sores within 48 hours. Typical distribution includes prepuce, coronal sulcus, glans, shaft. Deep aching pain of the perineum may occur 2 to 3 days before appearance of the skin lesions. Itchy and painful, lesions generally recur in the same location.

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A form of psoriasis characterized by the rapid development of myriad small lesions, 3 to 10 mm in diameter, on all areas of the body, especially the extremities. More often seen in young people.

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Generally, a chronic, disabling condition of the palms and soles, it can also be a part of a very severe generalized reaction.

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The lesions are red, sharply defined plaques covered with thick silvery scales. This distinguishes psoriasis from the diffuse or patchy redness and scaling of seborrheic dermatitis.

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Pitting of nail surface with spots of white to yellowbrown (oil droplets) reflects psoriatic changes in the nail matrix and nail bed respectively. Distally, there are irregular onycholysis, splitting, and dystrophic changes. Onycholysis may simulate onychomycosis; therefore, fungal culture will be valuable in diagnosis.

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Dysplastic change implies abnormal cell development, which does not necessarily imply precancerous change. These atypical moles, show irregular outlines, and different shades and patterns of brown color. If they appear in a person with a family history of melanoma and are multiple in number, the incidence of cancer developing reaches 100%. If they are sporadic in pattern and number, they should

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Recognized through the mnemonic, "A-B-C-D:" Asymmetry of contour, irregularity of Border and Color, and Diameter larger than 6 mm. Melanomas vary from macules to nodules. Color ranges from flesh tints to pitch black and mixtures of white, blue, purple, and red. Any pigmented skin lesion with recent change in appearance should be suspected.Malignant melanoma can exist in a superficial spreading

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This lesion usually appears on skin that shows other significant changes of chronic sun exposure. Especially prevalent in fair-skinned people who sunburn easily and tan poorly. It may arise out of actinic keratoses. Characteristically, the lesion appears fairly rapidly as a small red, conical, hard nodule. Should it appear on the mucus membrane or lip area, it behaves much more aggressively and

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This lesion represents 90% of skin cancers. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer. On the face, it usually starts as a reddened papule or nodule with a smooth surface and a translucent, pearly quality. Because of a poorly formed stroma, it is fragile and often bleeds. On the torso, the lesion has an irregular surface, bright red color, sometimes scaly, with a distinct edge. Histologic

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Actinic keratoses are single or multiple, fleshcolored or slightly hyperpigmented, dry, rough, scaly lesions which occur on skin exposed to the sun. Cells are atypical, and they are considered to be pre-malignant because some may eventually become squamous cell cancers.

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Lyme Disease Caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by a deer tick bite, infection, is characterized by erythema migrans. A flat or slightly raised red lesion appears at the site. The reaction can become quite large, is generally circular in shape, and can show several concentric rings (target pattern). Erythema migrans is often accompanied by flu-like

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Common normal flora, but it may become an opportunistic pathogen widespread in patients with AIDS and other immunosuppressed patients. Mucocutaneous candidiasis occurs on the vulva, anus, breast or groin folds. Superficial denuded beefy red areas with or without scattered satellitevesicopustules with marginal scaling. Microscopic examination with 10% KOH reveals budding spores and short hyphae.

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Asymptomatic to mildly itchy macules that scale readily on scraping. Lesions, usually occur on the trunk, but may appear on upper arms, neck, face, and groin. Caused by a yeast organism, Pityrosporum orbiculare. Altered pigmentation can be very subtle to obvious, both hypo and hyperpigmented. KOH shows characteristic spores and hyphae. Fungal cultureis not useful.

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Along with hair loss, the scalp surface shows seborrheic dermatitis-like scaling, impetigo-like crusting, pustules, inflammatory nodules or kerion. Identify tinea with KOH culture onto a fungal media. No longer a disease confined to children. If infection suspected, all family members should be examined.

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A pruritic dermatosis, characterized by round to oval (coin-shaped) areas of vesiculation, superficial crusting, and redness. Number of lesions varies from few to many. More often this is a symmetrical pattern in young adults. Not related to atopic dermatitis.

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Seborrheic dermatitis is generally limited to the scalp; however, dry scales and underlying erythema can occur on the face, ears, chest, back, and body folds. Skin may be dry or oily. In infants, a widespread reaction is associated with minimal discomfort. The yeast organism, Pityrosporum, may be a factor. Mild scaling without any erythema is often termed simple dandruff. Tinea capitis may

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This disorder is a severely pruritic reaction in individuals with a personal or family history of allergic manifestations. It is characterized by flares of congestion resulting in deep and superficial blisters, followed by peeling, scaling, and a dry, reddened surface. Flares generally result from contact with irritants, but stress is also a significant factor.

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This disorder is a common, but unexplainable, reaction. The initial lesion, "herald patch", is red and scaly, followed in 1 to 2 weeks by widespread, oval, scaling, fawn-colored macules 4 to 5 mm in diameter over the trunk and proximal extremities. Pityriasis rosea is usually an acute self-limiting illness that lasts 4 to 8 weeks. It is not highly infectious.

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The numerous discrete lesions, closely set, usually occur on face, dorsa of hands and shins. Lesions are flat-topped, slightly elevated, well demarcated, generally flesh-colored, with a matte-smooth surface. Lesions tend to spontaneously disappear.

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The disorder is characterized by stomatitis and vesicular rash on palms of hands and soles of feet. It is caused by Coxsackieviruses A5, 10, 16. The development of mouth sores is most troublesome to adults. The skin lesions are vesicopustules, 0.5 to 5 mm, red-ringed, more oval than round, on palms, sides of fingers and soles.

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Chicken PoxThe rash is pruritic and most prominent on the face, scalp and trunk. It appears as multitudes of redringed papules and vesicles in varying stages of development. Crusts eventually form and slough off in 7 to 14 days. Nondermatomal distribution and lesions of varying stages distinguish primary varicella from herpes zoster. Fever and malaise may be mild in children and much more severe

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These lesions are benign overgrowths of epithelium, largely appearing on the torso, face, and neck. They are seen on almost everyone over the age of 50. The borders are typically irregular, and they range in color from beige or gray-white to very dark brown. These "barnacles" of older skin can number only a few to as many as hundreds. Although often raised and dry, they can be flatter and

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Superficial honey-colored serous crusts are characteristic of this disorder. It is usually caused by a staphylococcus infection. Culture is rarely reliable.

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Folliculitis is characterized by red-ringed papules and pustules at hair follicles. Gramnegative folliculitis may be spread by contaminated hot tubs. Gram stain and culture will help to differentiate bacterial from nonbacterialfolliculitis. History is important for pinpointing the cause of non-bacterial folliculitis.

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Rosacea is a congestive blushing and flushing reaction of the central areas of the face. It is usually associated with an acneiform component (papules, pustules, and oily skin). It usuallyoccurs in middle-aged and older people.The cheeks, nose, and chin, on the entire face, may have a rosy hue. Burning or stinging often accompanies episodes of flushing. It is much more common than lupus

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